The number of larval instars was examined and studied by direct counting of larval moults under the highpower microscope. Dermestidae is a serious pest of stored grains and stored products. Life cycle mated females live 47 days, while unmated females live from 2030 days. Photograph by annesophie roy, european and mediterranean plant protection organization. They can feed on products with as little as 2% moisture content and can develop on animal matter such as dead mice, dried blood and. Its economic importance lies not only in the serious damage it can cause to stored dry commodities but. Contents page key to larvae of nearctic species of trogoderma 3 descriptions and discussions of larvae of trogodei ma species 4 trogoderma granarium everts 4 trogoderma glabrum herbst 6 trogoderma irroratum reitter 7 trogoderma teukton beal 9 trogoderma inclusum leconte 11 trogoderma parahile beal h trogoderma sinistrum fall 15. Hairs on the dorsal surface are easily rubbed off giving the beetle a shiny appearance. Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Trogoderma granarium everts introduction the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds most feared storedproduct pests. Trogoderma inclusum, the larger cabinet beetle, is a species of carpet beetle in the family dermestidae. Discriminating features of trogoderma granarium larvae.
Dermestidae is a stored product pest of great importance. Trogoderma granarium is synanthropic associated with man or with human dwellings. Trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. Dermestidae, is the most widely distributed and the primary destructive insect pest of stored products in tropical regions howe, 1965. Key to species of trogoderma of south carolina adapted from beal 1954, 1956, downie and arnett 1996, and bugguide 1 dorsal surface mottled with pale blotches of. Its great economic importance is due to its capability to cause huge loss in stored grains through voracious feeding and heating of grains, in larval ability to withstand starvation for up to 3. The biscuit beetle trogoderma granarium, also called cabinet beetle, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Distribution of trogoderma granarium everts and other stored grain insect pests in punjab and losses caused by them. It is supposed to be a major pest of wheat in indian subcontinent and also in some of the western countries like usa, uk and germany. Infested grain also becomes contaminated with beetles, cast skins and hairs from larvae, which can be a health risk and are. Pdf susceptibility of adults and larvae of trogoderma. Interception of trogoderma granarium in personal effects from pakistan the miami agriculture task force intercepted trogodermagranariumin a shipment of cicersp. Pest information trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera.
The warehouse beetle tends to be very active and can develop at a rapid rate. To file a complaint of discrimination, write to usda, director, office of civil rights, 1400 independence avenue, sw. Tribolium castaneum, causes 1520% losses in various stored commodities of worth of millions of rupees every year in a developing country like pakistan perveen and khan, 2014. Dec 11, 2018 trogoderma granarium was the dominant species 82,10% of insect pests recorded from cereals grains. Trogoderma granarium troggadocuments eppo global database. Pm100221 phosphine fumigation of stored products to control. Pdf khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Chemical constituents and insecticidal activity of the.
There has been considerable increase in its consumption due to intensive population increase belderok et al. The trogoderma granarium everts belongs to family dermestidae and order coleopteran and is a worlds most destructive stored grain pest. Trogoderma granarium is considered one of the world most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because of starvation capability for three years and has best survival rate at low humidity. Influence of different grain storage types on khapra. Media in category trogoderma granarium the following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. It is especially prevalent in certain areas of the middle east, africa, and south asia and is also found in certain specialized warm habitats in temperate countries. Warehouse beetles, unlike the khapra beetle, can fly. Dermestidae is a very destructive pest of stored agricultural products and one of the most important quarantine insect pests worldwide. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. Pdf biology of trogoderma granarium everts on wheat grain. Pdf identification of the immature stages of trogoderma.
Life cycle, morphometrics and damage assessment of the khapra beetle 7 stage by daily observation. Trogoderma granarium notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page the family dermestidae contains a number of species that are pests of stored products, the most serious of which is t. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. University of florida, university of florida, institute of food and agricultural sciences extension. Insects in this group are very difficult to identify and probably should be submitted to an expert for determination. New approaches for tackling the khapra beetle request pdf. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1 journal. Jul 10, 2009 the status of trogoderma granarium everts and t. However, trogoderma granarium prefer grain and cereal products, particularly wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, rice, flour, malt and noodles. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts edis university of. Influence of different grain storage types on khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, 1898 coleoptera. Its northern most range extends to the 35 parallel and to the equator to the south. They are found in grain stores, food stores, malthouses, seed processing plants fodder production plants, dried milk factories, merchant stores, stores of packing materials used sacks, bags, crates. Trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, is one of the most destructive stored.
Research work revealed that stored grain pests pose serious threats to stored food commodities and cause economic losses. Khapra beetle simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, a. Pdf studies on biology of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium evert coleoptera. Trogoderma granarium can reach high infestation rates in wheat. Adult, larva, and larval skins of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, and the damage caused by the larvae. It can cause losses of up to 75% from direct feeding. Origin trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. So, biological control on trogoderma granarium is described. Stored product pests warehouse beetle trogoderma variabile ballion. Khapra beetle national invasive species information. In bag stores, the first signs of infestation are masses of hairy cast larval skins, which gradually push out from the crevices between sacks.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Geographic distribution of khapra beetle, trogoderma. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle, is a small beetle 23 mm in size, oval in shape, brown to brownishblack in color with the body densely clothed in yellowish hairs. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Distribution and establishment of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera.
Dp 3 diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 32 international plant protection convention 1. Infestations are difficult to control because of the insects ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and lowmoisture food, and its. Geographic distribution of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, by location as recorded in six publications location eppo2016 australia2016 myers2012 spires2009 french2005 banks1977 afghanistan 5 present, no details afghanistan afghanistan afghanistan present, flourishes certain areas. Australian outbreak of the warehouse beetle trogoderma variabile in 1977 1993. Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of. The state department of agriculture is conducting an eradication program against it in california. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Department of agricultures animal and plant health inspection service aphis has established restrictions on the importation of commercial and noncommercial shipments of rice, soybeans, cicer species e. Biology and behavior eggs are laid singly and are deposited loosely in processed. The larvae are 56 mm in length and covered in spearheaded hairs. Feeding performance and life table parameters of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts hilgardia. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world.
This document is eeny372 originally published as dpi entomology circular. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. In fact, it has been described as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide lowe et al. Usda is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Trogoderma granarium everts food and agriculture organization. It thrives on hot, dry conditions and has proved exceptionally difficult to control. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium is a serious pest of stored grain and dry foodstuffs worldwide. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, a serious pest of stored grains and other food products in india and elsewhere, has recently been found in 23 counties of california, arizona, and new mexico.
It can be found in warehouses, mills, breweries and malt factories. Serious pest of stored wheat, groundnut and other grains, such as maize, rice, oat, jowar and occasionally pulses. The origin of insect is stated to be india and was first reported from punjab and haryana states. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle zoology for ias. Seema gupta, ruchika kataria and sathyanarayana n plant biosecurity division, national institute of plant health management, hyderabad,500030. Feeding performance and life table parameters of khapra. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with larvae of. Females are often twice the size of males and often lighter in color. Ten newly emerged adults irrespective of sex were kept separately in a. The number of recorded intercepts and eradications of khapra beetle trogoderma granarium have increased in australia and the united states in recent years. Dermestidae to entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae metsch. Identification of the immature stages of trogoderma granarium khapra beetle. They are found in grain stores, food stores, malthouses, seed processing plants fodder production plants, dried milk factories, merchant stores, stores of. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts, 1898 in durum.
Key to species of trogoderma of south carolina adapted from beal 1954, 1956, downie and arnett 1996, and bugguide 1 dorsal surface mottled with pale blotches of setae, without discrete bands or loops. These three pests are most common, notorious and distructive pests of wheat as. This insect has been recognized among the first 100 of the worlds worst invaders. However, the leaves of both tree species were picked fresh just one week before the commencement of the bioassay experiments, and dried under shade. Trogoderma species, it is the most commonly found in dried grains and other stored foods but is also found in homes and museums. Susceptibility of adults and larvae of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Infested grain also becomes contaminated with beetles, cast skins and hairs from larvae, which can. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium is designated as a quarantine insect pest worldwide due to its voracious feeding on stored grains. Electronic data information source publicaton eeny372 in667. Larvae are approximately 14 inch 78 mm long and vary in color from a yellowwhite to dark brown, depending on age. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1. Trogoderma granarium everts international plant protection convention hungry pests campaign, usda aphis animal and plant health inspection service species profile khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, national invasive species information center, united states national agricultural library. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta.
Dermestidae 2 by commerce into some areas of similar climatic conditions anonymous 1981. This study investigated the influence of khapra beetle trogoderma. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Its economic importance lies not only in the serious damage it can cause to stored dry commodities, but also in the export restrictions faced by countries when they have established populations of this pest. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Review of khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts. This document is eeny372 originally published as dpi entomology circular 262, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology, ufifas extension. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds most feared storedproduct pests. Save map as png save map as svg save list as excel file save list as csv file. Trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera dermestidae t. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium interceptions and.
Insecticidal activities of two meliaceous plants against trogoderma granarium 697 from the ground after being dropped under neem trees during the fruiting period juneaugust. Trogoderma is a genus of beetles in the family dermestidae, the skin beetles. Dermestidae on various barley cultivars volume 107 issue 5 a. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium. The adult is a small oval pubescent, yellowish to reddish brown beetle, about 1. Both adult and larva cause damage to the grains by chewing a hole and eating up kernel. Development of insecticidal resistance and its ability to withstand starvation for longer time makes it one of the most destructive arthropod for stored products. In fact, it has been nominated as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide lowe et al. Trogoderma granarium will feed on most dried plant or animal matter. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. Dermestidae, infestation in southeastern anatolia turkey and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin 2 introduction southeastern anatolia is one of the important production areas for cereals in turkey. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds.
941 1283 1517 385 1369 454 1004 299 535 864 611 36 492 1009 764 1603 379 1523 1493 17 981 186 741 1261 1409 1376 86 915 151 10 533